http://dspace.fsktm.um.edu.my/handle/1812/11 Search the Channel search http://dspace.fsktm.um.edu.my/simple-search http://dspace.fsktm.um.edu.my/handle/1812/432 Title: Kompetensi komunikatif dan strategi komunikasi bahasa arab di kalangan pelajar sek. Men. Keb. Agama di Negeri Selangor <br/> <br/>Authors: Abdul Rahman Abdullah <br/> <br/>Abstract: The research aims (a) to measure the level of communicative competency among students, (b) to relate the various variables selected with the level of communicative competency, (c) to identify the obstructions faced by students while communicating in Arabic language, and (d) to identify the various communicative strategies used by the students when having difficulties in communicating in Arabic language. This research is based on the Input Hypotheses Theory by Krashen (1981), Communicative Competency Model by Canale and Swain (1980) and Taxonomy of Communication Strategies by Tarone (1983) and the Competency Test Model by Shekhan (1998). It is a cross-sectional descriptive research using quantitative and qualitative approach when analyzing data. The research was divided into two phases; (a) The questionnaires and the oral competency test were administered to 155 Form Four students in three different schools of Sek. Men. Keb. Agama in the state of Selangor, and (b) A case study was carried out on 18 respondents selected by purposive sampling at three different level of communicative competency.The instruments in this research are (a) questionnaires, (b) oral competency test and (c) communicative activities. Speech production obtained from the oral communicative activities were recorded and used to analyze the communicative strategies applied by students facing difficulties in communication. The findings show the level of communicative competency are satisfactory. The highest level of communicative competence is the ability to describe oneself, family and society and the lowest level is the ability to communicate on current social issues. The communicative approach used by teachers in the teaching of the Arabic language shows a very significant relationship on communicative competency. The finding also shows the main obstructions for respondents communicating in Arabic is the problem of lack of Arabic lexical. The findings also show that respondents with a higher level of communicative competency in Arabic language, reflects a higher percentage in using approximation strategy and circumlocution strategy. However, topic avoidance strategy and message abandonment strategy decrease. Respondents in the lower level of communicative competency prefer to use language switching strategy and message abandonment strategy. The research also highlights that respondents with average level of communicative competency used literal translation strategy and appeal of assistance strategy. The finding shows that there are three new strategies used by respondents that are not mentioned in Tarone’s taxonomy of communication strategies (1983). These three strategies are as followed; (a) borrow words strategy, (b) pause strategy, and (c) repetitive strategy. Based on the new finding of communicative strategy , one model is suggested - Model of Communication Strategies in Arabic Language. This will give an impact on the pedagogical method used in the teaching and learning process of Arabic language in Malaysia <br/> <br/>Description: Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Education, Universiti Malaya, 2009 Thu, 01 Jan 2009 00:00:00 GMT http://dspace.fsktm.um.edu.my/handle/1812/431 Title: Gaya pengurusan konflik dalam kalangan guru dan pentadbir di sekolah menengah <br/> <br/>Authors: Quah, Cheng Sim <br/> <br/>Description: Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Education, Universiti Malaya, 2009 Thu, 01 Jan 2009 00:00:00 GMT http://dspace.fsktm.um.edu.my/handle/1812/430 Title: Keberkesanan kaedah noor dalam pengajaran dan pembelajaran Nahu Bahasa Arab = The Effectiveness of Noor Method in the Teaching and Learning of Arabic Grammar <br/> <br/>Authors: Noorhayati Binti Hashim <br/> <br/>Abstract: Grammar is the most unique and difficult component in Arabic. Many educational researches which analyze grammatical error have out that found al-tatabuq ( التطابق ) error is the most common error ( Bakhit, 1998: 182 ). This research is the pioneer research to identify the effectiveness of an innovation to solve this problem. The Noor Method is designed based on grammar skills arranged in graphic form. Graphic can be used in all grammatical topics that are associated with the gender aspect. The Noor Method divides the grammar process into four components of skills in (1) combining various different nouns and verbs, (2) combining various nouns with static verbs, (3) matching a few words with various matching structure and (4) analyzing flections. The objective of this study is to identify the effectiveness of the Noor Method in solving grammatical problems in the four grammatical skills mentioned. Aids in various media forms from concrete to technology items are provided. To achieve this objective, quantitative study is used through quasi experiment “nonrandomized control-group pre-test post-test design” ( Dalen, 1979: 263 ) and also background research. The instruments used are (a) questionnaire regarding respondents’ Arabic background and (b) test questions on Arabic grammatical skill based on the four grammatical skills mentioned before which have undergone suitable verifying and validating process and have achieved alpha Cronbanch r = 0.9194. Respondents are made up of existing Form Two students who are divided into experimental group and controlled group. The study will take fourteen weeks where pre-test and post-test will be conducted in the first week and last week. The study will look at the teaching and learning process involved in teaching Arabic grammar using the Noor Method which will be carried out on the experimental group while the controlled group will continue under the existing traditional method. Descriptive statistical analysis in the form of mean, standard deviation, frequency and 2 tail t-tests were used in comparing the dependant variables on both groups. Data that the researcher analyzed explain the ‘cause and effect’ between independent and dependent variables. Based on the measured grammatical process skills, it is found that the mean achievement between pre-test and post-test for the experimental and controlled group are (1) combining flexible words: 16.79 ( t = 16.48, p = 0.00 ), (2) combining static words 9.96 ( t = 10.94, p = 0.00 ), (3) matching a few words with a variety of matching structures 9.32 ( t = 16.64, p = 0.00 ) and (4) word analysis 6.14 ( t = 9.88, p = 0.00 ). The experimental group obtained 104.69%, increase in their post-test compared to their pre-test. Research findings show that there are significant difference where p value is lower than the significant level or p<0.05 between pre and post-test. The findings have answered all the research questions and rejected the null hypothesis due to the difference between pre and post-test before and after using the Noor Method in teaching and learning the Arabic grammar. The Noor Method has helped in simplifying the teaching and learning process of the Arabic grammar with regard to the al-tatabuq ( التطابق ). This statement is supported by the research respondents’ statement that the method is “truly effective”. The research findings will simplify the books of turath grammar book that the respondents will use the advance stage of their study of the Arabic language. <br/> <br/>Description: Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Education, Universiti Malaya, 2009 Sun, 01 Mar 2009 00:00:00 GMT http://dspace.fsktm.um.edu.my/handle/1812/429 Title: Change in the language of instruction in the teaching of science in English <br/> <br/>Authors: Zarina Suriya Ramlan <br/> <br/>Abstract: A wealth of information is available on using a second language as the language of instruction in content lessons, yet there is a dearth of research that looks at change in the language of instruction from the innovationist perspective. Hence the purpose of this study is to extend the knowledge base on change in the context of using a second language in the content areas. To achieve the purpose, the study is guided by the following research questions, namely: what are various stakeholders’ (teachers, students, parents, society representatives) views and expectations of using English as the language of instruction; what are various stakeholders’ (teachers, students, parents, society representatives) views of teacher practices in terms of using dual languages in the classroom; and what are the dynamics undergirding the use of English in Science classes. A qualitative approach was used in this exploratory multiple case study. Representation of stakeholders and the different methodological approaches  interviews, observation, document reviews, and teachers’ transcripts of the lessons, strengthen the validity and reliability of the study. Data from interviews were analyzed using the constant comparative method. Data from documents and teachers’ transcripts of the lessons were analyzed for the content. The relevance of this study lies in the insight it provides in understanding the complexities of implementing a mandated change, specifically the use of a second language in content areas, from the innovationist perspective. In examining various stakeholders’ views and expectations of the change, the findings revealed the need to iv understand the teachers’ context and the forced negotiations, the necessity for teacher learning to support the change, the need to understand the learners’ context, stakeholders’ initial reactions towards the change -- both positive and negative -- and the need to understand teachers’ lives and teachers’ work. The multifaceted nature of the change is accentuated when the analysis of the findings revealed, among others, issues of understanding the teachers’ context, concerns of teachers when given a voice to reflect on their practices, the need for teachers to understand learners’ context, and the need for teachers to understand learners’ language skills as well as coerced teachers’ practices of using dual languages in the classrooms. Examination of the policy enactment in the classroom showed that teachers still use dual languages, contravening the mandated change. Nevertheless, the findings also highlighted stakeholders’ thoughts about the limit to the use of dual languages. The complexity of the change is also underscored when the findings revealed, among other things, ignorance about the complementary role of other stakeholders, multiple interpretations of the change objectives, learners’ reluctance to change and the extent of the visibility of parents in the change process. This study is significant as it contributes to the knowledge base on the complexities of implementing a curriculum innovation in an ESL setting, specifically, the data in this study have identified additional elements that could contribute to the proposed change frames currently being advocated by educational change experts. The findings offer an understanding of important pedagogical and policy considerations when implementing the use of a second language in content lessons. <br/> <br/>Description: Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Education, Universiti Malaya, 2009 Thu, 01 Jan 2009 00:00:00 GMT http://dspace.fsktm.um.edu.my/handle/1812/428 Title: Pelaksanaan polisi pemerkasaan guru sekolah menengah pertama negeri di malang, Indonesia <br/> <br/>Authors: Akhsanul In’am <br/> <br/>Abstract: After the reformation era in the late 1990’s Indonesia, characterized by its cultural diversity and political complexity, underwent a decentralization process to transform its governance from the centralized to non-centralized system as if in resonance to westernization. The education system was not exceptional, new ideas and concepts of non-centralization came into force, and two of them were school-based management and teacher empowerment. Decentralization policy was legislated by the Indonesian parliament in 1999, along with the local autonomy and power in the governance of local education system. The policy was accepted with enthusiasm by the local governments and teachers. The primary purpose of this research was to examine the implementation mechanism of the teacher empowerment policy and its outcomes. The secondary purpose was to determine the effects of teacher empowerment on teachers’ job satisfaction and organizational commitment. The research was conducted in the district of Malang, Indonesia, using two approaches i.e. qualitative and quantitative. The qualitative approach was used to examine the role and relationships among various agency authorities engaged in the policy implementation. Case studies were employed, using interview, observation, and documentary analysis techniques. A number of 35 respondents were taken from the regional parliament, the local education office, the education council, and the school committees from six schools. From the case studies, it was found that local Malang teachers were enthusiastic and proactive with the teacher empowerment policy. They felt that they have more autonomy in designing and planning the school curriculum and instruction. The policy further required stronger and wholehearted support by the local education agencies so as to make it successful. The quantitative approach was used to examine the influence of teacher empowerment in terms of the six dimensions—their involvement in the decision making, professionalism improvement, status, self-efficacy, autonomy, and their influence—on their school environment, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment. The data were based on a random sample of 286 teachers selected from 949 teachers working at 24 Public Junior High Schools in Malang. The data were gathered by employing questionnaire using Likert Scale (ordinal) and then transferred into interval scale. From the multiple linear regression analysis employed, it was found that each of the six dimensions significantly influenced the dependent variables, i.e. job satisfaction and organizational commitment; likewise, the six dimensions as a whole also significantly influenced the dependent variables. From the Pearson correlation analysis performed, it was also found that there was a strong correlation between job satisfaction and commitment to organization. <br/> <br/>Description: Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Education, Universiti Malaya, 2009 Mon, 01 Jun 2009 00:00:00 GMT http://dspace.fsktm.um.edu.my/handle/1812/427 Title: Pengetahuan kandungan dan pedagogi guru pendidikan moral tingkatan empat di sebuah sekolah = Content and pedagogical knowledge of form four moral teachers in a school <br/> <br/>Authors: Abd. Shatar bin Che Abd. Rahman <br/> <br/>Abstract: The purpose of this study, which is to examine the pedagogical content knowledge of Form Four Moral Teachers in a school towards creating a Whole Child Model. The main aspect explored is the content and pedagogical knowledge through inquiring the participants’ understanding of the changes made in form four moral curriculum specification (called Huraian Sukatan Pelajaran or HSP), method used to transform this understanding into lesson plans and classroom teaching practice. This is a qualitative research case study. Three moral teachers were choose through purposive sampling as participants. Collection of the data was done through interviews, teaching observation and even collecting and analyzing documents for 4 months (January – April 2004). The main interview was held twice, besides pre and post-teaching interviews. The first interview was done to inquire the background information of the participants and their understanding of the HSP. The second interview however is to get the response of the participant towards questions regarding the 12 critical incidents. All the critical incidents were based on issues or real episodes of occurrences during the teaching and learning processes. Pre and post-teaching interviews were held to obtain more information regarding a lesson through observation. This interview was audio recorded while the observation of lesson was done by note-taking along with audio recording. The video recording, for the two observations were done at the end of the lesson. Through the first phase of all analysis, the audio and video recording were transcribed. All the data were then analyzed using TextSTAT version 1.52 computer software. The analysis of the data during the last phase was done manually based on the themes, which was formed by the research questions. The findings of this study show that participants’ knowledge on moral concepts, values, subject contents and learning outcomes are not in accordance with the revised Form Four Moral Curricullum Specifications. They are found to be confused between values and teaching topics which in turn, affects the subject contents and learning outcomes. The findings also show that participants use only value inculcation approach and teachercentred teaching and learning techniques. The focus on teaching is more towards examination-oriented and less on the emphasis on balanced moral dimension. The underlining implication is that the Whole Child Model seize to become a reality thus, remains rhetorical in nature. Thus, curriculum change or review, by exposing all the teachers involved in both domains of knowledge namely content and pedagogical knowledge, need to be streamlined. <br/> <br/>Description: Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Education, Universiti Malaya, 2009 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 00:00:00 GMT http://dspace.fsktm.um.edu.my/handle/1812/426 Title: Governance of public universities in Malaysia <br/> <br/>Authors: Soaib Bin Asimiran <br/> <br/>Abstract: Governance plays a crucial role in sustaining the growth and development of universities. It pertains to the politics of policy making and division of power and authority. The main purpose of this study was to establish the patterns of establishment intent, the distribution of powers to stakeholders, and the execution of powers as provided by the university constitution of public universities in Malaysia. The analysis was framed in the nation building process and industrialisation process of Malaysia in the years between 1947 and 2007. The other purpose of this study was to explore the process, dynamics, and issues of governance in Malaysian public universities. In terms of research methodology, the study had two parts: the document analysis part and the interview part. The document analysis was made on facts and evidence found in different university constitutions and statutes, university reports and calendars, government reports, education laws, and others. The interview part involved the elicitation of experiences of 7 honorable interviewees who were the members of the University Boards of Directors from two public universities. Data were analyzed qualitatively utilizing the NVivo software for coding purposes and guided by Carney’s ladder of abstraction stages to explain the results. The findings of the study showed that university development in Malaysia coincided with national development, and university establishment was made according to national needs and requirements. In governance practice, this study found that iv generally there was a consensus on the meaning of university governance as that of policy and decision making activities with regard to the powers and structure within the university framework as provided by the University Constitution. Nevertheless, several laws need to be revised to suit the current demands and challenges. The powers allocated to the Board of Directors were ambiguous, requiring further elaboration and clarification. Competing perspectives, expectations, interpretations and understanding have led to conflicts in the exercise of governance activities. Governance also was influenced by political regulation and has made public universities subservient to political agenda of the government. Irrespective of the current models of university governance, the research reveals that there are three theories that can explain the dynamics of university governance in Malaysia; that is, political theory, structural theory, and system theory. In terms of its contribution to the field of governance, this study suggests a model for shared governance to create a more balanced approach for efficient and effective governance, so as to ensure sustainability, growth, and reputation of the Malaysian public universities. <br/> <br/>Description: Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Education, Universiti Malaya, 2009 Thu, 01 Jan 2009 00:00:00 GMT http://dspace.fsktm.um.edu.my/handle/1812/425 Title: Dependability dan model ujian pencapaian matematik kbsm tingkatan 2 di negeri kedah = Dependability and Form 2 Mathematics KBSM Achievement Test Model in Kedah. <br/> <br/>Authors: Mohd Isha Bin Awang <br/> <br/>Abstract: Teaching mathematics and sciences in English makes more polemic in society in our country and some peoples give opinions whether positive or negative. A good evaluation should evaluate student in mother tongue to give them changes to responses what they know about some thinks. However, using alternative item which was modified can helps students to achieve higher score without deficient the integrity of test. Research on dependability and mathematics achievement model Form 2 is to get more information about aspects that contribute to respondent achievement. Particularly, the research is to determine dependability of scoring using Generalizability Theory and to clarify how the variables selected influence student score. This research involved 500 students Form 2 in Kedah. Data collected by instrument such as achievement test and questionnaire. Generalizability Theory state that the main source to contribute variability of score is person and not to item. This research confirms that dependability of mathematic achievement score comes from facet person which contribute more than 60% variance. Research also found that item modification help students to get a better achievement than original test item. T-test show the different significant between original test score and modification test score (t(499) =36.52, p<0.001) mean that item modification can helps students to understand the question better than original test item. Analysis for fit model show that model fit to data (χ²=190.33, df=84, GFI=0.95, TLI=0.95, RMSEA=0.05). More than 90% variance can explain mathematics achievement. According to the research, the significant predictor to mathematics achievement is attitude toward Mathematic and English for rural school and for male and female student. Beside that, teaching mathematic in English make majority of student feel uncomfortable because they difficult to followed the lesson. The situasion makes mathematic teachers teaching in both languages, Malay language and English language to make sure students understand. As a conclusion, item modification help student to achieve higher score better than original item (Original Item, M=5.62, SD=2.77; Modified Item, M=7.45, SD=2.80). Finally, the research can give more information to stakeholder in developing test item in English language as a second language. <br/> <br/>Description: Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Education, Universiti Malaya, 2009 Thu, 01 Jan 2009 00:00:00 GMT http://dspace.fsktm.um.edu.my/handle/1812/424 Title: Korelasi dan pengaruh kompetensi emosi terhadap kepimpinan sekolah: perbandingan antara sekolah berkesan dengan sekolah kurang berkesan = Correlation and the influence of emotional competencies on school leadership: a comparison between the effective and less effective school <br/> <br/>Authors: Yahya Bin Don <br/> <br/>Abstract: This research examined the relationship between school leader emotional competencies and transformational leadership. This study also attempted to examine the relationship between demographic factors (age, gender and experience) and school leader emotional competencies. It was argued here that school leader’s emotional competencies (EI) will influence the process of transformational leadership in effective school and less effective school. Survey method of data collection was employed in this study. In the survey method, commercial questionnaire was utilized that is the Emotional Competence Inventory (ECI-2) (Boyatzis, 2001) and Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ5x) (Bass and Avolio, 2000) and returned by 485 respondents (233 respondents from effective school and 251 respondent from less effective school). Statistical analysis used was the Pearson Correlation, t-test, Multivariate Analysis Of Variance (MANOVA) and Multiple Regression Analysis. The result revealed there was a significant relationship between school leadership emotional competencies and transformational leadership in effective school and less effective school. The study also indicated that significant difference in the school leader emotional competence and the transformational leadership between effective school and less effective school. The hypothesis for differences in term of age and gender at effective and less effective school was supported. This study also found the dimension of the adaptability and influence played significant role in influence to the transformational leadership in the effective school. In the less effective school, organizational awareness, adaptability, developing others, inspirational leadership and change catalyst played a significant role as the influence to transformational leadership.. However, leaders emotional competencies were not play the significant role as influence to the transactional and laissez-faire leadership in the less effective school. In general, this study illuminated that the good implementation of the transformational leadership in the school has brought along an increase in the emotional competencies. As conclusion, this research contributes to the field by offering support for the effect of school leaders emotional competencies on the transformational leadership as well as by showing school leader level emotional competencies effected school performance positively. <br/> <br/>Description: Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Education, Universiti Malaya, 2009. Sun, 01 Feb 2009 00:00:00 GMT http://dspace.fsktm.um.edu.my/handle/1812/423 Title: Pembangunan dan pengujian prototaip sistem pembelajaran kelas Maya (SPKM) <br/> <br/>Authors: Zahari Hamidon <br/> <br/>Abstract: The aim of this study is to develop and evaluate a Virtual Classroom Learning System (VCLS) in the context of Malaysian educational scenario. The study also intends to design a learning specification through benchmarking and usability study as a guide to define, evaluate and develop a delivery system in VCLS that focuses on its interface design. This study uses cross-sectional surveys as its two main activities: Benchmarking and usability studies. Benchmarking is conducted on three educational web portals in Malaysia to gain data on user’s needs focusing on its delivery system by 47 respondents consisting of students from Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Brunei Darussalam and University of Malaya, Malaysia. Usability study is conducted in Development Phase 1 and 2 to test the effectiveness of the prototype delivery system in the beta version, based on the findings in the benchmarking process. The activity involved 85 and 69 students from Universiti Brunei Darussalam that is undergoing the course in Educational Technology both Malay and English medium. The finding shows that the delivery system through its interface design developed in phase 1is able to provide an effective interaction which can help to link teachers as evaluators to the content in the VCLS. The effectiveness is measured based on the ability of the users in achieving their learning objectives which can be observed through their average test score regardless of their subject area. The core skills component with mean above 3.0, shows that the users have given a positive feedback. This shows that the delivery system is able to assist the users to gain the skills listed in the core skills component. The content structure designed based on the SCORM sequencing has positive effects on the users’ performance. On the whole, the findings show that the processes in phase 1 have contributed positively to the activities in phase 2. The delivery system is also found to comply with SCORM (RAID) criteria. The findings on the three components: 1) usability attribute on the screen design; 2) usability on the learning management system and 3) test score in the learning management system have shown to comply to SCORM criteria has resulted in the positive output. This study focuses specifically on defining and clarifying the problem solving approach that can be implemented through a virtual learning environment. The activities planned in the work breakdown structure (WBS) is embedded within an instructional design process. The instructional design process is supported by other fields such as Human Computer Interaction (HCI) inventory, usability attribute v component and two evaluation activities such as benchmarking, usability study. Experience from the SCORM best practices is used in order to enhance the work breakdown structure. In this situation instructional design (ID) in itself is insufficient to ensure the quality of the delivery system, especially when implemented virtually. In order to produce a quality WBS in developing the delivery system for VLS application, the designer needs to explore other evaluation approaches from appropriate discipline. The findings can also serve as an indicator to the developer and teacher who intend to design and develop the learning web portal. They can use it to design and develop or to revise the delivery system in the educational web portal. The finding can contribute to the practice of ID with ‘value-added’ support from other areas such as HCI, benchmarking and feasibility study. This will produce an effective delivery system in virtual classroom especially with the emergence of Web 2.0 tool. Hence, the contribution to the field of educational technology with respect to producing the virtual learning environment. <br/> <br/>Description: Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Education, Universiti Malaya, 2009. Thu, 01 Jan 2009 00:00:00 GMT